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1. What is data structure?
Answer: A data structure is a way of organizing data that considers not only the items stored, but also their relationship to each other. Advance knowledge about the relationship between data items allows designing of efficient algorithms for the manipulation of data.
2. List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively?
Compiler Design,
Operating System,
Database Management System,
Statistical analysis package,
Numerical Analysis,
Graphics,
Artificial Intelligence,
Simulation
3. What are the major data structures used in the following areas : RDBMS, Network data model & Hierarchical data model.
RDBMS ? Array (i.e. Array of structures)
Network data model ? Graph
Hierarchical data model ? Trees
4. If you are using C language to implement the heterogeneous linked list, what pointer type will you use?
The heterogeneous linked list contains different data types in its nodes and we need a link, pointer to connect them. It is not possible to use ordinary pointers for this. So we go for void pointer. Void pointer is capable of storing pointer to any type as it is a generic pointer type.
5. Minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue?
Two. One queue is used for actual storing of data and another for storing priorities.
6. What is the data structures used to perform recursion?
Stack. Because of its LIFO (Last In First Out) property it remembers its ?caller? so knows whom to return when the function has to return. Recursion makes use of system stack for storing the return addresses of the function calls.
Every recursive function has its equivalent iterative (non-recursive) function. Even when such equivalent iterative procedures are written, explicit stack is to be used.
pattern 1
1.The programming language that was designed for specifying algorithm
Address
ASCII
ALGOL
None of these options
2. _____ contains the addresses of all the records according to the contents of the field designed as the record key.
Index<------ans
Subscript
Array
File
3. _________ symbol is used for Processing of data.
Oval
Parallelogram<------ans
Rectangle
Diamond
4. __________ is the analysis tool used for planning program logic
Protocol
None of these options
PROLOG
Pseudocode
5. Machine language has two part format the first part is__________ and the second part is __________
OPCODE,OPERAND<------ans
OPERAND,OPCODE
DATA CODE,OPERAND
OPERAND,CODEOP
6. Language Primarily used for internet-based applications
ADA
C++
JAVA<------ans
FORTRAN
7. _________ is a point at which the debugger stops during program execution and awaits a further command.
Memory Dump
Watch point<------ans
Break point
None of these options
8. ________do not contain any program logic and are ignored by the language processor.
Protocol
Virus
Comment
None of these options
9. The component of data base management system is ________
Data definition Language
Data manipulation Language
Data definition Language and Data manipulation Language
None of these options
10. The quality of Algorithm is judged on the basis of_________
Time requirement
Memory Requirement
Accuracy of solution
All of these options<------ans
11. Advantages of using flow charts is
Effective Analysis
Efficient Coding
Time consuming
Effective Analysis and Efficient Coding<-----ans
Programming in C
12. The Real constants in C can be expressed in which of the following forms
Fractional form only
Exponential form only
ASCII form only
Both Fractional and Exponential forms<------ans
13. The program, which translates high-level program into its equivalent machine language program, is called
Transformer
Language processor
Converter
None of these options<------ans
14. Consider the following statements. i.Multiplication associates left to right ii.Division associates left to right
iii.Unary Minus associates right to left
iv.subtraction associates left to right All are true <------ans
only i and ii are true
all are false
only iii and iv are true
15. What will be the value of variable a in the following code?
unsigned char a;
a = 0xFF + 1;
printf("%d", a);
0xFF
0x100
0 <------ans
0x0
16. What is the output of the following program?
#include
void main()
{
printf("\n10!=9 : %5d",10!=9);
}
1<------ans
0
Error
None of these options
17. #include
void main()
{
int x=10;
(x<0)?(int a =100):(int a =1000);
printf(" %d",a);
}
Error<------ans
1000
100
None of these options
18. Which of the following shows the correct hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C
(), **, * or /, + or -
(), **, *, /, +, -
(), **, /, *, +, -
(), / or *, - or + <-----Ans
19. What is the output of the following code?
#include
void main()
{
int a=14;
a += 7;
a -= 5;
a *= 7;
printf("\n%d",a);
}
112<------ans
98
89
None of these options
20. What is the output of the following code? #include
#define T t
void main()
{
char T = `T`;
printf("\n%c\t%c\n",T,t);
}
Error
T t
T T---ans
t t
21. The statement that prints out the character set from A-Z, is
for( a = `z`; a < `a`; a = a - 1)
printf("%c", &a);
for( a = `a`; a <= `z`; a = a + 1
printf("%c", &a);
for( a = `A`; a <= `Z`; a = a + 1)<----Ans printf("%c", a);
for( a = `Z`; a <= `A`; a = a + 1)
printf("%c", a);
22. The statement which prints out the values 1 to 10 on separate lines, is
for( count = 1; count <= 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d\n",count);
for( count = 1; count < 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d\n",count);<------ans
for( count = 0; count <= 9; count = count + 1) printf("%d ",count);
for( count = 1; count <> 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d\n",count);
23. What does the term `call-by-reference` refer to?
Passing a copy of a variable into a function. Passing a pointer to a variable into a function. <------ans
Choosing a random value for a variable.
A function that does not return any values.
24. What is the output of the following code? #include
void swap(int&, int&);
void main()
{
int a = 10,b=20;
swap (a++,b++);
printf("\n%d\t%d\t",a, b);
}
void swap(int& x, int& y)
{
x+=2;
y+=3;
}
14, 24
11, 21 <------ans
10, 20
Error
25. What is the output of the following program code
#include
void abc(int a[])
{
a++;
a[1]=612;
}
main()
{
char a[5];
abc(a);
printf("%d",a[4]);
}
100
612
Error<------ans
None of these options
26. which of the following is true about recursive function
i. it is also called circular definition
ii. it occurs when a function calls another function more than once
iii. it occurs when a statement within the function calls the function itself
iv. a recursive function cannot have a return statement within it"
i and iii<------ans
i and ii
ii and iv
i, iii and iv
27.What will happen if you assign a value to an element of an array whose subscript exceeds the size of the array?
The element will be set to 0
Nothing, its done all the time
Other data may be overwritten
Error message from the compiler
28. What is the output of the following code? #include
void main()
{
int arr[2][3][2]={{{2,4},{7,8},{3,4},}, {{2,2},{2,3},{3,4}, }}; printf("\n%d",**(*arr+1)+2+7);
}
16 <------ans
7
11
Error
29. If int s[5] is a one dimensional array of integers, which of the following refers to the third element in the array?
*( s + 2 ) <------ans
*( s + 3 )
s + 3
s + 2
30. #include"stdio.h"
main()
{
int *p1,i=25;
void *p2;
p1=&i;
p2=&i;
p1=p2;
p2=p1;
printf("%d",i);
}
The output of the above code is :
Program will not compile <------ans
25
Garbage value
Address of I
31. What is the output of the following code? void main()
{
int i = 100, j = 200;
const int *p=&i;
p = &j;
printf("%d",*p);
}
100
200 <------ans
300
None of the above
32. void main()
{
int i=3;
int *j=&i;
clrscr();
printf("%d%d",++*j,*(&i));
}
What is the output of this program?
3 3
4 3 <------ans
4,address of i printed
Error:Lvalue required
33. What is the output of the following code? #include
void main()
{
int arr[] = {10,20,30,40,50};
int *ptr = arr;
printf("\n %d\t%d\t",*ptr++,*ptr);
}
10 20
10 10<------ans
20 20
20 10
34. Which of these are reasons for using pointers?
1.To manipulate parts of an array
2.To refer to keywords such as for and if
3.To return more than one value from a function 4.To refer to particular programs more conveniently
1 & 3 <------ans
Only 1
Only 3
All of the above
35. struct num
{
int no;
char name[25];
};
void main()
{
struct num n1[]={{25,"rose"},{20,"gulmohar"}, {8,"geranium"},{11,"dahalia"}};
printf("%d%d" ,n1[2].no,(*&n1+2)->no+1);
}
What is the output of this program?
8 8
8 9 <------ans
9 8
8 , unpredictable
36. During initializing a union
Only one member can be initialised.
All the members will be initialised. Initialisation of a union is not possible.<------ans
None of these options
37. Self referential structure is one
a. Consisting the structure in the parent structure
b. Consisting the pointer of the structure in the parent structure
Only a
Only b
Both a and b
Neither a nor b
38. Individual structure member can be initialized in the structure itself
True
False
Compiler dependent
None of these options
39. Which of the following is the feature of stack?
All operations are at one end
It cannot reuse its memory
All elements are of different data types
Any element can be accessed from it directly<------ans
40. When stacks are created
Are initially empty<------ans
Are initialized to zero
Are considered full
None of these options
41. What is time required to insert an element in a stack with linked implementation?
(1)
(log2n)<------ans
(n)
(n log2n)
42. Which of the following is the feature of stack?
All operations are at one end
It cannot reuse its memory
All elements are of different data types
Any element can be accessed from it directly<------ans
43. Time taken for addition of element in queue is
(1)
(n)
(log n)<------ans
None of these options
44. When is linear queue said to be empty ? Front==rear
Front=rear-1
Front=rear+1
Front=rear<------ans
45. When queues are created
Are initially empty<------ans
Are initialized to zero
Are considered full
None of the above
46. What would be the output of the following program?
#include
main()
{
printf("\n%c", "abcdefgh"[4]);
}
abcdefgh
d
e <------ans
error
47. Select the correct C code which will read a line of characters(terminated by a \n) from input_file into a character array called buffer. NULL terminate the buffer upon reading a \n.
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch != `\n`)&& (ch != EOF) ){buffer[loop] = ch; loop++; ch = fgetc(input_file );} buffer[loop] = NULL;
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch = "\n")&& (ch = EOF)) { buffer[loop] = ch; loop--; ch = fgetc(]input_file ); } buffer[loop]= NULL;
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch <> "\n")&& (ch != EOF) ) { buffer[loop] = ch; loop++; ch = fgetc(input_file ); } buffer[loop] = -1;
None of the above
48. What is the output of the following code ?
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=0;
++a == 0 || ++b == 11;
printf("\n%d,%d",a,b);
}
0, 1
1, 1 <------ans
0, 0
1, 0
49. What is the output of the following program? #define str(x)#x
#define Xstr(x)str(x)
#define oper multiply
void main()
{
char *opername=Xstr(oper);
printf("%s",opername);
}
opername
Xstr
multiply <------ans
Xstr
50. What is the output of the following code ? #include
#include
void main()
{
char *a = "C-DAC\0\0ACTS\0\n"; printf("%s\n",a); }
C-DAC ACTS
ACTS
C-DAC <------ans
None of these
51. #include
void main()
{
while (1)
{if (printf("%d",printf("%d")))
break;
else
continue;
}
}
The output is
Compile time error
Goes into an infinite loop
Garbage values <------ans
None of these options
52. Select the correct C statements which tests to see if input_file has opened the data file successfully.If not, print an error message and exit the program.
if( input_file == NULL ) { printf("Unable to open file.\n");exit(1); }
if( input_file != NULL ) { printf("Unable to open file.\n");exit(1); }
while( input_file = NULL ) { printf("Unable to open file.\n");exit(1);}
None of these options
53.The code
int i = 7;
printf("%d\n", i++ * i++);
prints 49
prints 56 <------ans
is compiler dependent
expression i++ * i++ is undefined
54. Recursive procedure are implemented by
Linear list
Queue
Tree
Stack<------ans
55. Which of these are reasons for using pointers?
1. To manipulate parts of an array
2. To refer to keywords such as for and if
3. To return more than one value from a function 4. To refer to particular programs more conveniently
1 & 3<------ans
only 1
only 3
None of these options
56. The expression x = 4 + 2 % -8 evaluates to -6
6
4
None of these options
57. What is the output of the following code? #include
main()
{
register int a=2;
printf("\nAddress of a = %d,", &a); printf("\tValue of a = %d",a);
Address of a,2 <------ans
Linker error
Compile time error
None of these options
58. What is the output of the following code? #include
void main()
{
int arr[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6};
int i,*ptr;
for(ptr=arr+4,i =0; i<=4; i++) printf("\n%d",ptr[-i]);(as the 0=4,for -1 it becomes =3)
}
Error
6 5 4 3 2
0 garbage garbage garbage garbage
4 3 2 1 0 <------ans
59. Which of the following is the correct way of declaring a float pointer:
float ptr;
float *ptr; <------ans
*float ptr;
None of the above
60.If the following program (newprog) is run from the command line as:newprog 1 2 3 What would be the output of the following?
void main (int argc, char*argv[])
{
int I,j=0;
for (I=0;I
j=j + atoi(argv[I]);
printf("%d",j);
}
123
6
123
Compilation error<------ans
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